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Exam 2 Study Questions



Multiple Choice

Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

 

1. 

Hydrophobic reactions of phospholipids can produce clusters of their fatty acid tails to form

a.

a lipid bilayer.

b.

hydrolysis of the fatty acids.

c.

a protein membrane.

d.

a cytoskeleton.

e.

a nonpolar membrane.

 

2. 

If a plasma membrane were compared to a sandwich, __________ would be considered the filling.

a.

cholesterol

b.

protein

c.

hydrophilic heads

d.

hydrophobic tails

e.

carbohydrates

 

3. 

In an attempt to visualize the fluid mosaic model of a membrane, we could describe the __________ as floating in a sea of __________.

a.

lipid; protein

b.

phospholipids; carbohydrate

c.

proteins; lipid

d.

fats; water

e.

glycolipids; sterols

 

4. 

A transport protein is most analogous to a

a.

water pipe.

b.

subway train.

c.

light switch.

d.

voice identification device.

e.

television receiver.

 

5. 

In simple diffusion,

a.

the rate of movement of molecules is controlled by temperature and pressure.

b.

the movement of individual molecules is random.

c.

the movement of molecules of one substance is independent of the movement of any other substance.

d.

the net movement is away from the region of highest concentration.

e.

all of these

 

6. 

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose, and other small molecules cross the plasma membrane through the process(es) of

a.

osmosis.

b.

diffusion.

c.

endocytosis and exocytosis.

d.

active transport.

e.

facilitated diffusion.

 

7. 

Which of the following is NOT a form of active transport?

a.

sodium-potassium pump

b.

endocytosis

c.

exocytosis

d.

bulk flow

e.

none of these

 

8. 

The sodium-potassium pump is an example of

a.

simple diffusion.

b.

facilitated diffusion.

c.

osmosis.

d.

active transport.

e.

bulk flow.

 

9. 

Which statement is true?

a.

A cell placed in an isotonic solution will swell.

b.

A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will swell.

c.

A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will shrink.

d.

A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will remain the same size.

e.

A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will remain the same size.

 

10. 

If a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution,

a.

the entire cell will not swell or shrink.

b.

the entire cell will shrink.

c.

the turgor pressure will increase.

d.

the cell wall prevents the cell from exploding.

e.

the turgor pressure will increase but the cell wall prevents the cell from exploding.

 

11. 

Metabolism describes

a.

the cell's capacity to acquire energy.

b.

cellular processes used to store substances.

c.

reactions that break apart nutrients to release energy.

d.

the elimination of waste products.

e.

all of these

 

12. 

According to the first law of thermodynamics,

a.

although energy in the universe is constant, energy in an earthly system may increase.

b.

the amount of energy in the universe is constant.

c.

chemical reactions do not create or destroy energy.

d.

energy can change from one form to another.

e.

all of these

 

13. 

Which reaction is NOT an exergonic reaction?

a.

protein synthesis

b.

digestion

c.

fire

d.

respiration

e.

movement

 

14. 

Which of the following statements about exergonic reactions is NOT true?

a.

They release energy.

b.

Glucose metabolism is an example.

c.

Their products have more energy than the reactants.

d.

There is an energy loss.

e.

Bonds are broken.

 

15. 

A molecule that gives up an electron becomes


      I. ionized.

     II. oxidized.

    III. reduced.

a.

I only

b.

II only

c.

III only

d.

I and II

e.

I and III

 

16. 

An orderly sequence of reactions with specific enzymes acting at each step is the definition of

a.

energy carriers.

b.

metabolic pathway.

c.

induced-fit model.

d.

intermediary compounds.

e.

activation.

 

17. 

During enzyme-catalyzed reactions, substrate is a synonym for

a.

end products.

b.

by-products.

c.

enzymes.

d.

reactants.

e.

none of these

 

18. 

Enzymes

a.

are very specific.

b.

act as catalysts.

c.

are organic molecules.

d.

have special shapes that control their activities.

e.

all of these

 

19. 

Activation energy

a.

is less when enzymes are present.

b.

allows greater interaction of substrate with the active site.

c.

is needed to begin a reaction.

d.

is less when enzymes are present and is needed to begin a reaction.

e.

is less when enzymes are present, allows greater interaction of substrate with the active site, and is needed to begin a reaction.

 

20. 

The ultimate source for food is

a.

the grocery store.

b.

the soil.

c.

certain green plants.

d.

the sun.

e.

various metabolic pathways found in all living organisms.

 

21. 

The carbon source for organisms that derive their energy from photosynthesis is

a.

carbon monoxide.

b.

carbon dioxide.

c.

hydrocarbons.

d.

methane.

e.

glucose.

 

22. 

The internal membrane system of the chloroplast is called a

a.

thylakoid.

b.

stroma.

c.

lamella.

d.

mitochondrion.

e.

tracheid.

 

23. 

Thylakoid disks are stacked in groups called

a.

grana.

b.

stroma.

c.

lamellae.

d.

cristae.

e.

none of these

 

24. 

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

a.

Photons are packages of solar energy.

b.

The longer the wavelength of light, the more energy it has.

c.

Chlorophyll absorbs energy from light.

d.

Photons with different energy levels produce different colors.

e.

Visible light is a very small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.

 

25. 

Which of the following colors of light has the greatest energy?

a.

red

b.

yellow

c.

orange

d.

blue

e.

green

 

26. 

The first event of photosynthesis is the

a.

hydrolysis of water.

b.

synthesis of sugar.

c.

transfer of an electron from chlorophyll.

d.

manufacture of ATP.

e.

synthesis of NADPH.

 

27. 

Where in a plant cell is chlorophyll found?

a.

on the outer chloroplast membrane

b.

inside the mitochondria

c.

in the stroma

d.

in the thylakoids

e.

none of these

 

28. 

ATP is formed when __________ the thylakoid compartment.

a.

hydrogen ions enter

b.

electrons leave

c.

hydrogen ions leave

d.

electrons enter

e.

water is split in

 

29. 

Which of the following is NOT one of the chemicals produced in the synthesis (light-independent) reactions?

a.

NADPH

b.

phosphoglyceric acid (PGA)

c.

phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL)

d.

glucose

e.

ribulose bisphosphate

 

30. 

In most complex plants, the excess glucose is stored as

a.

glucose.

b.

starch.

c.

sucrose.

d.

glycogen.

e.

cellulose.

 

31. 

Which is a C4 plant?

a.

corn

b.

pine

c.

sugarcane

d.

crabgrass

e.

all except pine

 


Other

 

32. 

Four of the five answers listed below result when a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. Select the exception.

a.

wilting

b.

plasmolysis

c.

turgidity

d.

limpness

e.

shriveling

 

33. 

Four of the five answers listed below are related by energy requirements. Select the exception.

a.

active transport

b.

endocytosis

c.

facilitated diffusion

d.

exocytosis

e.

sodium-potassium pump

 

34. 

Four of the five answers listed below are related to the second law of thermodynamics. Select the exception.

a.

entropy

b.

Energy can be neither created nor destroyed.

c.

The amount of available energy in a closed system declines with time.

d.

Energy is lost as it is transferred or transformed to another form.

e.

Spontaneous flow of energy from high- to low-quality forms occurs.

 

35. 

Four of the five answers listed below are heterotrophs. Select the exception.

a.

fungus

b.

carrot

c.

earthworm

d.

lobster

e.

parasite

 

36. 

Four of the five answers listed below are participants in photosynthesis. Select the exception.

a.

photosystem

b.

granum

c.

mitochondrion

d.

chloroplast

e.

thylakoid

 




 

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