Identify
the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. |
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have
a well-defined nucleus.
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generate
ATP and produce carbon dioxide.
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2. |
When
molecules are broken apart in respiration,
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the
heat produced is used to drive biological reactions.
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the
oxygen in the compounds that are broken apart is used as an energy source.
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the
energy released in respiration is channeled into molecules of ATP.
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ATP
is converted into ADP.
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ADP
is released as a waste product.
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3. |
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is
the mechanism that evolved to enable living organisms to utilize energy stored in glucose.
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occurs
only in animal cells because plants carry on photosynthesis.
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utilizes
fat as its primary energy source.
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occurs
at the same rate throughout all cells of the body.
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is
the only cellular mechanism that yields ATP.
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4. |
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the
energy currency of a cell.
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produced
by the destruction of ADP.
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expended
in the process of photosynthesis.
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produced
during the phosphorylation of any organic compound.
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5. |
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can
be produced by photosynthesis.
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is
produced in the degradation of organic compounds such as glucose.
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is
generated in anaerobic respiration.
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is
released in aerobic respiration.
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6. |
The
correct operational sequence of the three processes listed below is:
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7. |
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glucose
must enter the mitochondria.
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there
must be an input of energy from ATP.
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oxygen
must be available.
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some
hydrogen acceptors must be available.
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8. |
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occurs
in the mitochondria.
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results
in the production of pyruvate.
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results
in the production of pyruvate and occurs in the cytoplasm.
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9. |
How
many ATP molecules (net yield) are produced per molecule of glucose degraded during
glycolysis?
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10. |
Because
__________ cells have a NAD+ shuttle built into their mitochondria, they
deliver 38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.
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11. |
The
greatest number of ATP molecules is produced in
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anaerobic
electron transport.
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electron
transport phosphorylation.
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12. |
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may
occur in a muscle under anaerobic conditions.
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produces
more ATP than is liberated in the hydrogen transfer series.
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breaks
down glucose in reaction with oxygen.
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13. |
If
you were searching for anaerobic bacteria, you would NOT look for them in
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the
guts of farm animals.
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sediments
of lakes and oceans.
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14. |
When
a cell undergoes mitosis,
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the
daughter cells have identical genes.
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the
daughter cell has genes identical to those of the mother cell that produced it.
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the
amount of cytoplasm in the mother cell and in each of the daughter cells is equal.
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there
is an exact duplication and division of all of the organelles between daughter cells.
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the
daughter cells have identical genes and the daughter cell has genes identical to those of
the mother cell that produced it.
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15. |
Strictly
speaking, mitosis and meiosis are divisions of the
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nucleus,
cytoplasm, and chromosomes.
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16. |
Which
of the following is NOT associated with meiosis?
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reduction
of number of chromosomes
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17. |
Chromatids
that are attached at the centromere are called what kind of chromatids?
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either
mother or daughter.
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18. |
In
mitosis, if a parent cell has 16 chromosomes, each daughter cell will have how many
chromosomes?
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19. |
Cells
with two of each kind of chromosome are described by the term
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20. |
The
chromosomes and genes are actually replicated during
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21. |
The
spindle apparatus is made of
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22. |
The
chromosomes are aligned at the spindle equator during
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23. |
The
chromatids detach from one another and become visibly separate chromosomes during
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24. |
The
chromosomes have arrived at opposite poles during
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25. |
The
nuclear membrane re-forms during
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26. |
Which
of the following is the proper sequence for mitosis?
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27. |
The
distribution of cytoplasm to daughter cells is accomplished during
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28. |
Which
is NOT a typical site for the occurrence of meiosis?
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29. |
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leads
to uniform characteristics in a population.
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results
in new combinations of genetic traits.
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requires
less tissue differentiation than asexual reproduction.
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produces
genetic clones and requires less tissue differentiation than asexual reproduction.
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30. |
Different,
or alternative, forms of the same gene are called
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31. |
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may
exchange parts during meiosis.
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have
alleles for the same characteristics even though the gene expression may not be the same.
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are
in pairs, one chromosome of each pair from the father and one from the mother.
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32. |
Copies
of chromosomes linked together at their centromeres at the beginning of meiosis are
appropriately called what kind of chromatids?
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33. |
Sister
chromatids are separated from each other during
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34. |
Synapsis
and crossing over occur during
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35. |
Paired
homologous chromosomes are found at the spindle equator during
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36. |
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increases
variability in gametes.
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results
in only one exchange per homologue.
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occurs
between sister chromatids.
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prevents
genetic recombination.
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is
followed immediately by separation of each of the chromatids.
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37. |
The
period that may occur between meiosis I and meiosis II is called
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38. |
Meiosis
typically results in the production of
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39. |
The
most accurate description of an organism with genotype AaBb is
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40. |
Which
organism did Mendel utilize to work out the laws of segregation and independent
assortment?
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41. |
If
R is dominant to r, the offspring of the cross of RR with rr
will
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display
the same phenotype as the RR parent.
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display
the same phenotype as the rr parent.
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have
the same genotype as the RR parent.
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have
the same genotype as the rr parent.
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42. |
If
tall (D) is dominant to dwarf (d), and two homozygous varieties DD and
dd are crossed, then what kind of progeny will be produced?
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43. |
In
a Punnett square, the letters within the little boxes represent
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44. |
If
short hair (L) is dominant to long hair (l), then what fraction of the
offspring produced by a cross of Ll x ll will be homozygous dominant?
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none
(no chance of this offspring)
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45. |
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an
F1 hybrid and an F2 offspring.
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an
F1 hybrid and the homozygous dominant parent.
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an
F1 hybrid and an organism that is homozygous recessive for that trait.
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46. |
Individuals
with the genotype Gg Hh Ii Jj will produce how many different kinds of gametes?
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47. |
An
individual with a genotype of Aa Bb CC is able to produce how many different kinds
of gametes?
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48. |
In
cocker spaniels, black coat color (B) is dominant over red (b), and solid
color (S) is dominant over spotted (s). If a red male was crossed with a
black female to produce a red spotted puppy, the genotypes of the parents (with male
genotype first) would be
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49. |
In
cocker spaniels, black coat color (B) is dominant over red (b), and solid
color (S) is dominant over spotted (s). A cross of Bb Ss with bb
ss would produce the phenotypic ratio
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50. |
If
all the offspring of a cross had the genotype Aa Bb, the parents of the cross would
most likely be
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AA
BB x aa bb or AA bb x aa BB.
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51. |
If
a child has an AB blood type, the parents
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must
both have different blood types.
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must
be A and B, but not AB.
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can
have different blood types, but neither can be blood type O.
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52. |
If
a child belonged to blood type O, he or she could NOT have been produced by which set of
parents?
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Type
A mother and type B father
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Type
A mother and type O father
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Type
AB mother and type O father
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Type
O mother and type O father
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53. |
If
one parent has type A blood and the other parent has type B, then which of the following
is possible in the children?
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54. |
Multiple
effects of a single gene is known as
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55. |
The
variation of the color in Siamese cats is due to
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environmental
effects on phenotypes.
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quantitative
inheritance.
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56. |
The
location of a gene on a chromosome is its
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57. |
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compares
one set of chromosomes to another.
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is
a visual display of chromosomes arranged according to size.
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is
a photograph of cells undergoing mitosis during anaphase.
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of
a normal human cell shows 48 chromosomes.
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cannot
be used to identify individual chromosomes beyond the fact that two chromosomes are
homologues.
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58. |
Karyotyping
involves taking pictures of chromosomes during
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59. |
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homozygous
dominant female.
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homozygous
recessive female.
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60. |
In
a pedigree chart, a male showing the specific trait being studied is indicated by a
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61. |
If
a study of several pedigrees demonstrated that two parents are normal but their children
express a trait, then the trait is controlled by a
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No
conclusion can be drawn.
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62. |
The
probability of producing a normal child by two parents who are carriers for an autosomal
recessive disorder is
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63. |
A
woman is diagnosed to have the genetic disease known as Huntington's disorder. It is a
rare defect caused by an autosomal dominant allele. The chance for any one of her children
to inherit the disease is
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dependent
on the sex of the child.
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64. |
Males
tend to be affected in greater numbers by X-linked recessive genetic disorders than are
females because
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females
have two dominant genes for the disorder.
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males
have only one recessive gene for the disorder.
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males
have a double dose of the gene.
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Y
chromosomes are not as strong as X chromosomes.
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65. |
A
woman heterozygous for color blindness (an X-linked recessive allele) marries a man with
normal color vision. What is the probability that their first child will be color blind?
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66. |
What
could the children of a color-blind woman and a man with normal vision be?
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None
will be color blind.
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Daughters
will be color blind and sons will be normal.
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Sons
will be color blind and daughters will be normal.
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67. |
A
chromosome's gene sequence that was ABCDEFG before modification and ABCDLMNOP afterward is
an example of
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68. |
A
chromosome that has been broken and rejoined in a reversal sequence has undergone
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69. |
The
failure of chromosomes to separate during mitosis or meiosis is called
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70. |
Which
of the following designates a normal human female?
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71. |
The
sex chromosome composition of a person with Turner syndrome is
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72. |
Which
of the following designates a normal human male?
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73. |
Males
that tend to be taller than average and show mild mental retardation may be designated
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74. |
Color
blindness is an X-linked recessive gene. Two normal-visioned parents produce a color-blind
child.
a.
Is this child male or female?
b.
What are the genotypes of the parents?
c.
What are the chances that their next child will be a color-blind daughter?
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75. |
Four
of the five answers listed below are characteristic of meiosis. Select the exception.
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reduces
the number of chromosomes
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results
in producing genetically identical cells
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