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Psychology 2301 - Study Guide (ch1) - Professor Ray Saenz |
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| Define Psychology | Functionalism | B. F. Skinner |
| Origins in Philosophy - Introspection | William James (1875) | Mind irrelevant |
| Fields of Psychology | Principles of Psychology (1890) | Stimulus-Response psychology (1938) - no thought |
| American Psychological Association | Applied to everyday (real) life - function in environment | Reinforcement - reward desired behavior |
| 53 divisions (www.apa.org/about/division.html) | Consciousness- continuous stream, adaptive | Operant (Instrumental) Conditioning |
| Developmental | No "simple elements" | Environmental bias |
| Physiological | Mental associations-previous experience | Dominated psychology into the 1960s |
| Experimental | Psychodynamic Theory | Gestaltism (whole/form) |
| Personality | Sigmund Freud (1860) | Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler, Kurt Koffka |
| Clinical and Counseling | Physician | Tricks in mental perception |
| Social | University of Vienna- neurological basis of behavior | Study of patterns, figure/ground, form completion |
| Industrial/Organizational | Hypnosis - Charcot, Paris | Humanism |
| New specialties-rehab, sprts, forensic, envi, comm., peace | Free Will - not exist, an illusion | Abraham Maslow |
| Structuralism | Unconscious - Primitive sexual & aggr. , forbidden desires | Studied with Wertheimer |
| Wilhelm Wundt | Repression - Defense mechanisms | Human potential, love, belonging, self esteem, self expression, peak experiences |
| First lab- measurement and experimentation | Expressed in disguised/altered form | Cognitivism |
| 1879 | Psychoanalysis - uncover, free association | Study how process information, stimuli |
| University of Leipzig | Behaviorism | Brain imaging - neuro basis of cognition |
| "Selective attention" | John B. Watson (died 1957) | Evolutionism |
| Voluntarism | Mental life superstition - not exist | Hardwired to think and act certain ways |
| G. Stanley Hall | Psychology As A Behaviorist Views It (1913) | Positivism |
| Studied with Wundt | What can observe and measure only | Attention to "wellness" |
| First American psychology lab-1883 | Ivan Pavlov | Research Methods |
| Johns Hopkins University | Classical Conditioning | Eliminate bias - gender, cultural, ethnic, racial, observer, experimenter |
| J. Mck. Cattell | Applied to humans by Watson | Scientific Method - describe, understand, predict, control |
| Studied with Wundt | Dogs salivated to sound- conditioned | Theory - hypothesis |
| "Professor of Psychology"-1888 | Tabula Rasa - John Locke, philosopher | Naturalistic Observation - observe in natural environment |
| University of Pennsylvania | Little Albert (Watson/Rayner 1920)- trained to fear rat | Case Studies - usually study of one case |
| Edward Titchener | Generalization - fear of all furry objects | Surveys - Predetermined, objective questions |
| Studied with Wundt | Resigned Hopkins 1920 - Thompson ad. | Correlational - not cause and effect |
| "Simple Elements"-"Atoms of experience" | Mary Cover Jones (1924) | Experimental - cause and effect |
| Physical sensations (what we see) | Little Albert experiment in reverse - recondition | Experimental & control group - random assignment |
| Feelings (like or dislike object seen) | Little Peter - eliminate fear of rabbits | Independent variable - dependent variable |
| Images (memories of object) | Desensitization - reconditioning | Ethics - Essential, Milgram |
| Principles of Physiological Psychology | Associate with pleasant experience | Careers-academic, applied (Clinical Soc Wrkrs, couns/clin psych, psychiatrists) |