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Psychology 2301 - Study Guide (ch4) - Professor Ray Saenz GO TO PAGE 2 |
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| Consciousness | Sleep Stages & EEG | Dreams and Information Processing |
| Waking type | Awake- Beta brain wave Pattern | Reprocess info to strenghten info needed for survival |
| Awareness of all thoughts, feelings, perceptions awake | Relaxed (drowsy)- Alpha waves | 'Time out' to filter info, store needed info or erase it |
| Altered Type | Stage 1- Theta waves | Evidence- more REM time after learning new material |
| Awareness in sleep, daydreams, dreams, drugs, meditation, | Stage 2- Beta waves, 45-50% in course of night | View- solve problems in dreams; Beethoven/Mozart |
| and hypnosis | Stage 3- Delta waves 20 to 50% of time, hard to awaken | View- emotional processing, work out problems |
| John Watson rejected consciousness | Stage 4- Delta waves over 50% of time, most restful sleep | Dreams and Neural Processing |
| William James- 'stream of consciousness' | REM sleep- about 90-100 minutes after falling asleep, Alpha | Hobson- activation synthesis theory, electrochem. gibberish |
| Pedroarena & Llinas-dialogue between thalamus/cerebral cortex | Also called paradoxical sleep- very asleep but body 'awake' | Brain imaging- support for Freud's theory of dreams |
| Freud- unconscious affects us | Neonates- 16 hours sleep/50% REM | Dreams and Waking Life |
| Cognitive psych- executive info processing center | Young adults- 8 hours sleep/20-25% REM | Extension of conscious concerns of daily life |
| Adaptation | Seniors- 6 hours sleep/15% REM | Influenced by pre-sleep events- compensatory dreams |
| Huxley and Behaviorists- consciousness has no effect | Kleitman & Aserinsky- link between REM & dreams | Need for dreams |
| Pinker- necessary for human sociability | Sleep Cycles- 90 minutes, move between stages | Freud- dreams are psychic safety valve |
| Also affects reality contact and awareness of self | First cycle most restful | REM deprivation= anxious, testy, hallucinations, confusion |
| Daydreams & fantasy | Sleep Disorders | After deprivation= REM rebound- doubled REM sleep |
| Private world of make-believe | Sleeptalking, walking, night terrors | Drug-Altered Consciousness |
| Unfulfilled goals and wishes | Sleeptalking/walking occur in Stage 4 | Psychoactive drugs- alter moods, perceptions, behavior |
| Singer- positive, negative, scattered, purposeful | Twenty percent of kids have at least one episode | Columbus- took tobacco back to Europe |
| Personality profile affects which type we tend to have | Night terrors more often when very tired | Coca (cocaine) leaves added to wine, tea, lozenges (1800s) |
| Preferring fantasy over reality affects adjustment | Difficult to awaken | Laudanum- opium in alcohol, in over counter meds |
| Positive view- relief from stress, difficult reality | In Adults- likely have personality disorder, subs. abuse | Coca Cola- coca, cola nuts, cane sugar, carbonated water |
| Sleep | REM- nightmares, voluntary motion paralysis | Alcohol- longest history and most used drug |
| Spend 1/3 of life in sleep | Insomnia, Apnea, Narcolepsy | Today drugs used for recreation, not medicinal use |
| Need for sleep | Psychological or physical basis | We have created formal social settings for use of drugs |
| Restoration & conservation of energy | Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus- switch sleep/wake | Hidden addiction- without knowledge of family/friends |
| Resynthesis of neurochemical(s) | Apnea- breathing problem @ night | Drugs stronger today and more types available |
| Cicadian Rhythms-24 hour light/dark adaptation | Narcopelsy- CNS disorder causing sudden sleep | Club Drugs- meth (ecstasy), gamma (grevious bodily harm), |
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Biological clock- neuronal cluster in hypothalamus |
Dreams | ketamine (special K), flunitrazepam (Roofies-forget me pill) |
| Adjust production of proteins | Age-related & culture based | Addicted brain- different metabolism and cue responding |
| Epinephrine (alertness) peaks late morning, then declines | REM= dreams 80-85% of time; NREM= 50% | Addiction- causes dopamine in brain to increase |
| Melatonin (sleepiness) surge at night, decrease daytime | Freud- 'royal road to the unconscious' | Addiction- higher rates of mental illness |
| Self-sustaining and normally trigged by light/dark cycle | Manifest content- surface content, 'the story' | Substance Use, Abuse, and Dependence |
| Jet lag- desyncrhonization of internal functions | Latent contect- the hidden, symbolic thoughts/desires | Alcohol per capita= 2.18 gallons a year |
| Sleep deprivation= slower reactions, cognitive impairment | Relatively free of moral controls, thus illogical | Beer most popular GO TO PAGE 2 |