Study Guide for Test 4

[Revised:  August 1, 2007]

Glance at the Globe:
(use year = 2006 data to answer
the following questions)

[See the data tables and work sheets found
at the beginning of the social change notes]

1.     What is the population of the world?

2.     What is the population of the U.S.?

3.     Rank Europe, Africa, North America, Asia, and Latin America according to population size.

4.     What are the five most populous countries in the world?

5.     Which two countries have the lowest life expectancy?

6.     Which country has the highest average life expectancy?

7.     What is the average life expectancy of people?

In the world.

In the U.S.

8.     What is the per capita income (GNP per capita) ...

of the developed world?

of the developing world?

9.     What are the 3 wealthiest countries in the world? [GNP per capita]

10.     Which country has the highest total fertility rate?

11.     Which country has the lowest total fertility rate?

12.     What country has the highest percentage of their population under age 15?

13.     What country has the lowest percentage of their population under age 15?

14.     What two countries have the lowest population density (population per square mile)?

15.     What country has the highest population density (population per square mile)?

16.     Which three countries have the highest rates of AIDS.

Social Change

1.     What is differentiation according to the functionalists?

2.     Why does social change occur according to Marx?

3.     Why does social change occur according to dialectical theories?

4.     What is Modernization?  What are four general characteristics of modernization?

5.     What is Modernization Theory (Market-Oriented Theory)?

• Know the four assumptions made by Modernization Theory
• What are institutional and psychological prerequisites for modernization?

6.     Know the various positions on Marxist Theories and global Social Change.

• Why do first world countries become involved in the internal affairs of developing countries?
• What is colonialism?

7.     What is dependency Theory?

• Is there a third world?
• What is the development of underdevelopment?

8     What is World System Theory?

• What are the four overlapping elements of the World System?
• Describe the three zones of the world system.

9.     What is collective behavior?

• What is a crowd?
• What are contagion theories of social change?
• What are emergent-norm theories of social change?

10.     Know the Forms of Collective Behavior.

• What is a riot?
• What is the difference between a fad and fashion?
• What is a panic?
• What is a craze?

11.     Know the five kinds of social movements.

• reformist social movement?
• revolutionary social movement?
• rebellion?
• reactionary social movement?
• communitarian social movement?

12.     Why Do Social Movements Arise?

• What kinds of questions do micro-level sociological studies ask regarding social movements?
• Discuss Macro-Level Studies.  Do Individuals cause social change or do broad social trends influence social change?  The hand-out argues that broad social trends change social patterns. Know four such trends.

Population (Demography)

1.     What is a demographic perspective?

2.     Discuss demography and business

3.     Discuss demography and government

4.     What is the baby boom?

5.     What caused the baby boom? (Give three points)

6.     What impact does the baby boom have on society?

7.     What is the difference between fertility and fecundity?

8.     What is life expectancy?

9.     Discuss the two historic components of mortality.

10.     Death associated with cancer is on the rise. Why is the number of deaths attributable to cancer increasing?

11.     What is an infant mortality rate?

12.     Why are European countries more successful than the U.S. in controlling infant mortality?

13.     Overall, women outlive men. Why? Discuss the age, educational level, and motivation of people who migrate vs. those who do not.

14.     According to Malthus, what causes of population growth?

15.     Regarding the Malthusian perspective, what is the difference between positive checks and preventative checks?

16.     Discuss the three stages of demographic transition.

17.     What is dependency in population studies?

18.     What is zero population growth?

19. List and discuss the five cultural features that influence population policy.

20.     Discuss the relationship between population and poverty.

21.     Describe a scenario where the United States might be seen as being over-populated.